{"id":1992,"date":"2017-08-15T10:37:32","date_gmt":"2017-08-15T17:37:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.wsu.edu\/wam\/?page_id=1992"},"modified":"2024-11-22T14:55:53","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T22:55:53","slug":"things-to-consider-when-choosing-a-pre-plant-management-strategy-for-soilborne-pathogen-and-nematode-management-in-raspberry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extension.wsu.edu\/wam\/2017\/08\/15\/things-to-consider-when-choosing-a-pre-plant-management-strategy-for-soilborne-pathogen-and-nematode-management-in-raspberry\/","title":{"rendered":"[Archived]: Things to Consider When Choosing a Pre-plant Management Strategy for Soilborne Pathogen and Nematode Management in Raspberry"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Inga Zasada and Jerry Weiland, USDA-ARS HCRL, Corvallis, OR<\/p>\n

Lisa Wasko DeVetter, WSU NWREC, Mount Vernon, WA<\/p>\n

Tom Walters, Walters Ag Research, Anacortes, WA<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Much has changed in the soilborne disease management landscape for red raspberry growers, from increased buffer zones to shortages of Telone and Vydate. However, a team of public and private scientists has been researching best management options for red raspberry growers and shared a summary of their findings at a field day held on July 31 in Everson, Washington.
\nThe information they shared summarized approximately eight years of research and represents the current recommendations. Tables 1-7 provide a condensed form of the information shared at the field day and is intended to be a resource for growers and field managers as they plan field renovation and soilborne disease management.<\/p>\n

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Pros and cons of pre-plant fumigant management options in raspberry.<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Disclaimer:<\/strong> Always consult the label before applying a product. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this document is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA and WSU.<\/p>\n

The below tables are available as a pdf.<\/a><\/p>\n

Quick links to tables<\/p>\n

Telone C-35<\/a><\/p>\n

Pic-Clor 60<\/a><\/p>\n

Vapam and K-Pam<\/a><\/p>\n

Basamid<\/a><\/p>\n

Dominus<\/a><\/p>\n

Inline<\/a><\/p>\n

Nonfumigant Options<\/a>[\/textblock][textblock]<\/p>\n

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<\/a><\/p>\n

Table 1. Telone C-35<\/h2>\n

[\/textblock][textblock]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Telone C-35 (34.7% chloropicrin:63.4% 1,3-dichloropropene)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nPro<\/strong><\/td>\nCon<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broadcast application without a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    What raspberry growers are familiar with
\n\u2022    Mixture favors nematode control over root rot (Phytophthora rubi<\/em>) control<\/td>\n		\u2022    Not available
\n\u2022    In some soils with high sand content, limited efficacy at shallow soil depths
\n\u2022    Mixture favors nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans<\/em> and Xiphinema<\/em> spp.) control over root rot control
\n\u2022    Larger buffer zones<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broadcast application with a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Tarping improves efficacy at shallow soil depths
\n\u2022    Mixture favors nematode control over root rot control
\n\u2022    Smaller buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Not available
\n\u2022    Mixture favors nematode control over root rot control
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bed application without a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Mixture favors nematode control over root rot control
\n\u2022    Leaving alleyways untreated has not been demonstrated to be an issue for nematode control
\n\u2022    Smaller buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Mixture favors nematode control over root rot control
\n\u2022    Leaving alleyways untreated may be an issue for root rot control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bed application with a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Tarping improves fumigant efficacy
\n\u2022    Smaller buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Not available
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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Table 2. Pic-Clor 60<\/h2>\n

[\/textblock][textblock]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Pic-Clor 60 (59.6% chloropicrin:39% 1,3-dichloropropene)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nPro<\/strong><\/td>\nCon<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broadcast application without a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Mixture favors root rot control over nematode control<\/td>\n		\u2022    Mixture favors root rot control over nematode control
\n\u2022    In some soils, limited efficacy at shallow soil depths
\n\u2022    Larger buffer zones<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broadcast application with a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Mixture favors root rot control over nematode control
\n\u2022    Tarping improves fumigant efficacy
\n\u2022    Smaller buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Mixture favors root rot control over nematode control
\n\u2022    Not available
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bed application without a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Mixture favors root rot control over nematode control
\n\u2022    Leaving alleyways untreated has not been demonstrated to be an issue for nematode control
\n\u2022    Smaller buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Mixture favors root rot control over nematode control
\n\u2022    Leaving alleyways untreated may be an issue for root rot control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bed application with a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Tarping improves fumigant efficacy
\n\u2022    Smaller buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Not available
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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Table 3. Vapam and K-Pam<\/h2>\n

[\/textblock][textblock]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vapam (sodium methyldithiocarbamate) and K-Pam (potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nPro<\/strong><\/td>\nCon<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broadcast application without a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Affordable
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant (nematodes and root rot)<\/td>\n		\u2022    May not target organisms deep in soil profile
\n\u2022    No commercial application equipment available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broadcast application with a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Affordable
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant
\n\u2022    Improved efficacy over nontarped application<\/td>\n		\u2022    May not target organisms deep in soil profile
\n\u2022    No commercial application available
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bed application without a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Affordable
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant<\/td>\n		\u2022    May not target organisms deep in soil profile
\n\u2022    No commercial application available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bed application with a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Affordable
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant
\n\u2022    Improved efficacy over nontarped application<\/td>\n		\u2022    May not target organisms deep in soil profile
\n\u2022    No commercial application available
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Drip applied for crop termination<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022   Used effectively in other cropping systems<\/td>\n\u2022    Has not been tested in raspberry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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Table 4. Basamid<\/h2>\n

[\/textblock][textblock]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Basamid (tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nPro<\/strong><\/td>\nCon<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broadcast application without a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Affordable
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant
\n\u2022    Experience with this product by Canadian raspberry growers<\/td>\n		\u2022    No commercial application available
\n\u2022    May not target organisms deep in soil profile
\n\u2022    Irrigation required<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broadcast application with a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Affordable
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant
\n\u2022    Improved efficacy over nontarped application<\/td>\n		 \u2022    No commercial application available
\n\u2022    May not target organisms deep in soil profile
\n\u2022    Irrigation required
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bed application without a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Affordable
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant<\/td>\n		 \u2022    No commercial application available
\n\u2022    May not target organisms deep in soil profile
\n\u2022    Irrigation required
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bed application with a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Affordable
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant
\n\u2022    Improved efficacy over nontarped application<\/td>\n		\u2022    No commercial application available
\n\u2022    May not target organisms deep in soil profile
\n\u2022    Irrigation required
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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Table 5. Dominus<\/h2>\n

[\/textblock][textblock]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Dominus (allyl isothiocyante)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nPro<\/strong><\/td>\nCon<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broadcast application without a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n    Available
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant
\n\u2022    Smaller buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Expensive
\n\u2022    May not target organisms deep in soil profile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broadcast application with a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant
\n\u2022    Smaller buffer zones
\n\u2022    Tarping improves fumigant efficacy<\/td>\n		\u2022    Expensive
\n\u2022    May not target organisms deep in soil profile
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bed application without a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant
\n\u2022    Smaller buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Expensive
\n\u2022    Questions regarding mobility in soil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bed application with a tarp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Available
\n\u2022    Broad-spectrum fumigant
\n\u2022    Smaller buffer zones
\n\u2022    Tarping improves fumigant efficacy<\/td>\n		\u2022    Not available
\n\u2022    Expensive
\n\u2022    Tarp is an added up-front cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Drip applied for crop termination<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2022    Has not been tested in raspberry
\n\u2022    Expensive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/textblock][textblock]<\/p>\n

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Table 6. Inline<\/h2>\n

[\/textblock][textblock]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Inline (33.8% chloropicrin:60.8% 1,3-dichloropropene)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nPro<\/strong><\/td>\nCon<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Drip applied for crop termination<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Used effectively in other cropping systems<\/td>\n\u2022    Has not been tested in raspberry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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Table 7. Nonfumigant Options<\/h2>\n

[\/textblock][textblock]Pros and cons of pre-plant nonfumigant management options in raspberry.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nPro<\/strong><\/td>\nCon<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Soil solarization<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022     Effective in some systems and climates
\n\u2022    No buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Climate in northern WA marginal for this practice
\n\u2022    Inconsistent nematode and root rot control across years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rotation<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Allows the land to rest<\/td>\n\u2022    If weeds are allowed to grow, many are hosts for root lesion nematode; perennial weeds can also be difficult to control
\n\u2022    Most available cover crops are a host to root lesion nematode
\n\u2022    Unknown how long land needs to be out of raspberry production for root rot control
\n\u2022    Increased herbicide usage
\n\u2022    Increased tillage
\n\u2022    Land out of raspberry production for an extended period<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brassica seed meal<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Provides additional nitrogen to the system
\n\u2022    Potential for improved soil health
\n\u2022    No buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Expensive
\n\u2022    Not widely available
\n\u2022    Nematode control results are inconsistent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brassica cover crops<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Addition of organic matter into the soil
\n\u2022    Potential for improved soil health
\n\u2022    No buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Many brassica cover crops are hosts for root lesion nematode
\n\u2022    Land out of raspberry production for an extended period
\n\u2022    Nematode control results are inconsistent
\n\u2022    Unknown root rot control
\n\u2022    Need to exercise care when purchasing seeds \u2013 they need to be treated so that they are not hosts to black leg [Phoma lingam (sexual stage: Leptosphaeria maculans)]
\n\u2022    In some areas, need to make sure they don\u2019t encroach on isolation distances for brassica seed production<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Anaerobic soil disinfestation<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Some promising results for soil fungal and pathogen management
\n\u2022    No buffer zones<\/td>\n		\u2022    Climate in northern WA likely too cool and marginal for this practice
\n\u2022    Practice requires use of labile carbon source
\n\u2022    Inconsistent results<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Post-plant fungicides<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Mefenoxam and fosetyl-Al products registered for use on raspberry<\/td>\n\u2022    Resistance can be a concern if mefenoxam is overused<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Post-plant nematicides<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2022    Label for nonbearing oxamyl available
\n\u2022    Several other nematicides registered for use in raspberry<\/td>\n		\u2022    Efficacy of many of registered nematicides in the raspberry system is unknown<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row][column][textblock]Acknowledgments<\/strong>
\nMuch of the information provided in this document is based upon research trials conducted in commercial red raspberry fields.  The authors would like to thank their grower cooperators and Trident Agricultural Products for their support, as well as the funding sources listed below.<\/p>\n

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