{"id":2165,"date":"2017-09-19T08:32:42","date_gmt":"2017-09-19T15:32:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.wsu.edu\/wam\/?page_id=2165"},"modified":"2024-11-22T14:55:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T22:55:51","slug":"application-of-biodegradable-plastic-mulches-on-tissue-culture-red-raspberry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extension.wsu.edu\/wam\/2017\/09\/19\/application-of-biodegradable-plastic-mulches-on-tissue-culture-red-raspberry\/","title":{"rendered":"[Archived]: Application of Biodegradable Plastic Mulches on Tissue Culture Red Raspberry"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Volume 6 Issue 9<\/strong><\/p>\n

Huan Zhang1<\/sup>, Lisa DeVetter1<\/sup>, Carol Miles1<\/sup>, Shuresh Ghimire1<\/sup>, Chris Benedict1<\/sup>, Inga Zasada2<\/sup><\/p>\n

1<\/sup>Washington State University; 2<\/sup>United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service[\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row][column][textblock]<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

[\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row layout=”side-right”][column][textblock]\u2022 Tissue culture (TC) plugs are hard to establish and are weak competitors with weeds.
\n\u2022 Plastic biodegradable mulches (BDMs) can be comparable to polyethylene mulch (PE) for weed management, increasing soil temperature and moisture, promoting crop growth, and enhancing crop yield.
\n\u2022 Plastic BDMs are used in annual vegetable production systems.
\n\u2022 Few studies have tested plastic BDMs in perennial crop production systems, like red raspberry. There is potential that plastic BDMs promote raspberry establishment when planted as TC plugs.[\/textblock][\/column][column][image img_src=”http:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2091\/2017\/09\/huan1-e1505835595131.jpg” img_id=”2184″][\/image][textblock]Figure 1.<\/strong>  Spring-planted raspberry TC trial, 18 May 2017.[\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row][column][textblock]<\/p>\n

Objectives<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Evaluate weed incidence with BDMs and PE mulch in comparison to bare ground (control treatment) in establishing TC red raspberry in both spring and fall planted systems in northwestern Washington.<\/li>\n
  2. Monitor surface and in-soil degradation of BDMs in spring and fall planted raspberry systems.<\/li>\n
  3. Evaluate growth, establishment, plant nutrient and moisture status, and yield of raspberry grown with BDMs and PE mulch in comparison to bare ground.<\/li>\n
  4. Monitor soil temperature and moisture across BDM, PE, and bare ground treatments.<\/li>\n
  5. Assess populations of root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans<\/em>; RLN) in the soils and roots of raspberry before and after using BDMs and PE mulch; populations will be compared to the bare ground treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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    Treatments<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. Organix 0.5 mil (BDM)<\/strong><\/li>\n
    2. Organix 0.6 mil (BDM)<\/strong><\/li>\n
    3. Bio 360 0.5 mil (BDM)<\/strong><\/li>\n
    4. Bio 360 0.6 mil (BDM)<\/strong><\/li>\n
    5. PE 1.0 mil (non-BDM)<\/strong><\/li>\n
    6. Bare Ground Control<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Cultivars are ‘WakeField’ and ‘WakeHaven’ for the spring- and fall-planted trials, respectively.<\/em> <\/span>[\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row][column][textblock]<\/p>\n

      Preliminary Results (only spring-planted trial results)<\/em><\/h3>\n

      [\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row layout=”thirds”][column][image img_src=”https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2017\/09\/huan2.jpg” img_id=”2178″][\/image][textblock]Figure 2.<\/strong>  Plant height (in) on 30 August 2017.[\/textblock][\/column][column][image img_src=”http:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2091\/2017\/09\/Huan3Combo-e1505844669353.png” img_id=”2253″][\/image][textblock]Figure 3.<\/strong>  Comparison of plant height on 15 August 2017; bare ground (A) and BDM treated (B, Organix 0.5mil).[\/textblock][\/column][column][image img_src=”https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2017\/09\/huan4.jpg” img_id=”2181″][\/image][textblock]Figure 4.<\/strong>  Primocane number\/hill on 30 August 2017.[\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row layout=”thirds”][column][image img_src=”https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2017\/09\/huan5.jpg” img_id=”2167″][\/image][textblock]Figure 5.<\/strong>  Average daily soil temperature (values averaged over 24-hours period at a 4 inch depth; 15-27 July 2017).[\/textblock][\/column][column][image img_src=”https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2017\/09\/huan6.jpg” img_id=”2168″][\/image][textblock]Figure 6. <\/strong>Downloading soil moisture and temperature data.[\/textblock][\/column][column][image img_src=”https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2017\/09\/huan7.jpg” img_id=”2169″][\/image][textblock]Figure 7.<\/strong>  Average daily soil moisture (values averaged over 24-hours period at a 4 inch depth; 15-27 July 2017).[\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row][column][textblock]<\/p>\n

      Data Collection<\/h3>\n

      [\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row layout=”triptych”][column][image img_src=”http:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2091\/2017\/09\/huan8-e1505837154331.jpg” img_id=”2170″][\/image][textblock]Figure 8.<\/strong>  Measuring plant height.[\/textblock][\/column][column][textblock]\u2022 Weed number and weight (monthly)
      \n\u2022 Soil and root samples for RLN population assessment
      \n\u2022 Machine harvestable yield (in 2018)
      \n\u2022 Mulch degradation (PSE)
      \n\u2022 Plant height and primocane number (once per month, May-Oct)
      \n\u2022 Soil temperature and moisture (logged every 15 minutes with a Decagon logger)
      \n\u2022 Photosynthesis rate (once a year, between mid-July to mid-August)
      \n\u2022 Leaf water potential (once a year, between mid-July to mid-August)
      \n\u2022 Plant and soil nutrient content[\/textblock][\/column][column][image img_src=”http:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2091\/2017\/09\/huan9-e1505837233930.jpg” img_id=”2171″][\/image][textblock]Figure 9.<\/strong>  Counting primocane number.[\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row][column][textblock]<\/p>\n

      Acknowledgements<\/h3>\n

      [\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row][column][textblock]\u2022 Technical assistance from Sean Watkinson, Edward Scheenstra, Clara Tevelde and Matt Arrington, WSU NWREC.
      \n\u2022 Funding from Washington Red Raspberry Commission and Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration.
      \n\u2022 Special thanks to grower cooperators.[\/textblock][\/column][\/row][row layout=”halves”][column][image img_src=”https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2017\/09\/WRRC_Logo.jpg” img_id=”2244″][\/image][\/column][column][image img_src=”https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2017\/09\/WASCPR.png” img_id=”2216″][\/image][\/column][\/row][row layout=”halves”][column][textblock]Resources:<\/strong>
      \nWSU Small Fruit Horticulture Program: http:\/\/smallfruits.wsu.edu\/<\/a>
      \nBiodegradable Mulch:       http:\/\/www.biodegradablemulch.org<\/a>[\/textblock][\/column][column][image img_src=”http:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2091\/2017\/09\/huan12-e1505837788164.jpg” img_id=”2174″][\/image][image img_src=”http:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2091\/2017\/09\/huan13-e1505837809498.jpg” img_id=”2175″][\/image][image img_src=”http:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2091\/2017\/09\/ars-logo-01-e1505837907645.png” img_id=”2221″][\/image][\/column][\/row]<\/p>\n\n